Ballast Water References

Articles and Books

*Bolch, C.H. and G.M. Hallegraeff. 1993. Chemical and physical treatment options to kill toxic dinoflagellate cysts in ships' ballast water. Journal of Marine Env. Engg. 1: 23-29.

Carlton, James T. 1985. Transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms: the biology of ballast water. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. A. Rev. 23.

*Carlton, James T. 1987. Patterns of tranoceanic marine biological invasions in the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science 41(2): 452-465.

*Fleming, Carrol B. Ballast-Water Stowaways. Sea Fronteirs.

*Galil, Bella S. and Norbert Hulsmann. 1997. Protist Transport via Ballast Water - Biological Classification of Ballast Tanks by Food Web Interactions. European Journal of Protistology 33: 244-253.

Gollash, S, J. Lenz, H.G. Andres, and M. Dammer. 1996. Introduction of Non-indigenous Organisms Into the North and Baltic Sea: Investigations on the Potential Ecological Impact by International Shipping. Institut fur Meereskunde, Kiel, Department of Marine Planktology.

*Gollash, S. and h.c. mult. H. Rosenthal. Exotics Across the Ocean, Press Release.

*Hallegraeff, Gustaf M., and Christopher J. Bolch. 1991. Transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22(1): 27-30.

Jones, Madeleine. 1991. Discharged ballast introduces unwanted organisms to Australian waters. Australian Fisheries 50.

Kraak Michiel H. S., Daphna Lavy, Hans Schoon, Merel Toussaint, Wilma H. M Peeters, and Nico M. van straalen. 1994. Ecotoxicity of mixtures of metals to the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13: 109-114.

Locke, A., D.M. Reid, W.G. Sprules, J.T. Carlton, and H.C. van Leeuwen. 1991. Effectiveness of mid-ocean exchange in controlling freshwater and coastal zooplankton in ballast water. Canadian Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1822.

Locke, A., D.M. Reid, H.C. van Leeuwen, W.G. Sprules, and J.T. Carlton. 1993. Ballast water exchange as a means of controlling dispersal of freshwater organisms by ships. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 50 (10).

*Locke A., D. M. Reid and H. C. van Leeuwen, W. G. Sprules, and J. T. Carlton. 1993. Ballast water exchange as a means of controlling disperal of freshwater organisms by ships. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50 (10): 2086.

*Moyle, Peter B. 1991. Ballast water introductions. Fisheries 16 (1):4-6.

National Research Council. 1996. Stemming The Tide: Controlling Introductions of Nonindigenous Species by Ships' Ballast Water. National Academy Press: Washington D.C. 141 pages. (May be ordered or viewed from National Academy Press web site: http://www.nap.edu)

*Oemcke, Darren. Potential Roles for Ozone and Ultraviolet Irradiation in Ballast Water Treatment. Published by the Ballast Water Section of the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, Canberra, Australia.

*On international environmental agenda: garbage, ballast water and emissions. Marine Log 75(896):pp15-19. March 1995.

Roditi, Hudson A., Nina F. Caraci, Jonathan J. Cole, and David L. Strayer. 1996. Filtration of Hudson River water by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Estuaries 19 (4): 824-832.

Upton, H.F. 1992. Biodiversity and conservation of the marine environment. Fisheries 17.

*USA Ballast Book 1998-1999: Ballast Research in the United States of America. Prepared by James T. Carlton and Bridget A. Holohan for the ICES, IMO, IOC Study Group on Ballast Water and Sediments, and the IMO Working Group on Ballast Water.

*Valenti, Michael. 1997. Lighting the way to improved disinfection. Mechanical Engineering 119(7):pp82-86.

Water intake operators and researchers examine zebra mussels. Upwellings 1991, 13 (1): 2-5.

*Weathers, Katherine and Eric Reeves. 1996. The Defense of the Great Lakes Against the Invasion of Nonindigenous Species in Ballast Water. Marine Technology 33(2): pp92-100.

*Williams, R.J., F.B. Griffiths, E.J. Van der Wal, and J. Kelly. 1988. Cargo vessel ballast water as a vector for the transport of non-indigenous marine species. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 26: 409-420.

Government Documents

*Chesapeake Bay Comission. 1995. The Indroduction of Nonindigenous Species to the Chesapeake Bay via Ballast Water: Strategies to Decrease the Risks of Future Introductions through Ballast Water Management.

Federal Register. United States Coast Guard. 1990. Interim report to Congress on options to prevent exotic species from entering U.S. waters in ships' ballast water.: U.S. Coast Guard.

*Federal Register. 1994. Ballast water mamagement for vessels entering the Hudson River. United States Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. 54(250).

*Great Lakes Maritime Industry. 1994. Voluntary ballast water management plan for the control of ruffe in Lake Superior ports.

*United States Coast Guard 1993 edition. 33 CFR Ch.1. In Subchapter O-Pollution. Section C-Ballast water management for the control of nonindigenous species.: U.S. Govt.

*United States Coast Guard. 1995. United States Coast Guard regulations for the control of nonindigenous species in ballast water on the Great Lakes.


* Indicates MIT Sea Grant has reference on file. Please contact exotics@mit.edu to arrange an appointment to visit our library.